Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, primarily used to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy.
Overview
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone naturally produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. It signals the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells, improving oxygen transport throughout the body.
Recombinant human EPO is widely used as a medication to treat anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease, cancer, or those undergoing dialysis. By boosting red blood cell counts, it helps reduce fatigue and improve quality of life.
Research
Clinical trials have confirmed that EPO effectively raises hemoglobin levels and reduces the need for blood transfusions in anemic patients. It has become a cornerstone therapy in managing anemia associated with renal failure and chemotherapy.
Research is ongoing to refine dosing strategies, minimize cardiovascular risks, and explore new indications such as tissue protection and wound healing. However, misuse of EPO as a performance-enhancing drug in sports remains a concern.
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